We should know clearly before we discuss this matter; to guess is one thing, to know clearly another. – Aeschylus
Regular readers will remember the Schapiro Group, a marketing firm which specializes in producing bogus “studies” to prove whatever it is their clients want them to prove, often by the use of redefinition (such as the study in which an “adolescent” was defined as someone under 22) and guessing. In my column of November 29th I dissected their “study” on what they term “CSEC” (Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children) in Georgia, which claimed to “prove” that 58% of prostitution transactions in Georgia were conducted with “trafficked children” (i.e., prostitutes under 18 who may actually be of legal age of consent), but actually proved absolutely nothing except that the Schapiro Group thinks its readers are fools. Well, they’re at it again; Brandy Devereaux called my attention to a new study by these same con artists, this one paid for by a group calling itself the “Dallas Women’s Foundation”. The study is just as fundamentally flawed as the last one, but even more insulting to its reader because it attempts to justify wild-ass guessing (WAG) as a valid determiner of the age of a woman in a photograph; the approach was first used in a previous scam (excuse me, “study”) published last May for the “Women’s Funding Network”, and indeed most of the new paper is lifted directly from the older one (I guess the Schapiro Group believes in recycling).
As before, the report opens by redefining young women as children, but this time (perhaps in response to criticism of its previous boondoggles) the authors actually attempt to justify the redefinition: “There are several ways to define a ‘child’ according to federal and state laws. Not only does ‘under age 18’ align with important federal laws defining childhood, but it is a definition widely accepted among the general public.” In other words, “because many ignorant Americans confuse the term ‘child’ with the term ‘legal minor’ we’re going to let the error stand since it serves our purposes, even though we know quite well that not only are they different concepts, but that the age of consent in Texas is 17.”
It is safe to say that this research methodology is designed to count, over a one-month period, the number of adolescent females who are acutely commercially sexually exploited, and actively marketed within the local sex trade…collectively the results indicate a significant number of adolescent girls caught in the Texas sex trade during the month: 28 through escort services [and] 712 through Internet classifieds websites.
No, it’s safe to say (as the reader will soon see) that the methodology is not designed to “count” anything, but rather to produce the exact results the authors wish it to produce, as revealed by the fact that these numbers don’t remotely reflect the percentage of adolescents among arrested prostitutes in Texas or anywhere else.
To understand why it is difficult to study CSEC, it is instructive to define it, as CSEC is both simple and challenging to define.
Translation: “We have to figure out how to define it so as to prove what we have been paid to prove despite the facts.”
There have been documented attempts to quantify the problem of commercial sexual exploitation of children in the United States, however very few of these involve direct empirical investigations…Most academic and government quantifications represent educated guesswork.
No, most of them represent numbers made up from whole cloth in order to support a panic in the ignorant populace so the government can justify prohibitionist laws against whores. This represents educated guesswork, and as you can see it generates far more realistic numbers. Scientific detachment does not produce language like this:
…the majority of girls trapped in the industry are in their teenage years. Johns soliciting these girls are engaging in a despicable act, but typically not because the johns are pedophiles. It seems that most of the girls they solicit are, in a biological sense, sexually mature. In fact, it is distinctly possible that johns looking for “young” girls sometimes do not know that the young woman they are soliciting is actually under age 18. One critical aspect of this study shows just how dramatically people fundamentally overestimate the ages of girls posing in mildly provocative ways. Adolescent girls still appear quite young—which we also document as central to their appeal to johns—but often do not appear to be unambiguously younger than 18.
The authors fully admit that it’s extremely difficult to know the age of a girl by her picture, and also that many teenage girls are sexually mature, yet still insist on referring to male attraction to such girls as “despicable”! And of course the fact that it’s 100% legal for a man in Texas to have sex with a 17-year-old is ignored; I guess that law is “despicable” as well (what must they think of Hawaii and Idaho?) Anyhow, it only degenerates from there; the next section insists on using emotionally-loaded but semantically-poor terms like “exploited” and making broad and totally unsupportable statements like “children…are regarded as nothing more than assets to their exploiters” (not to mention self-congratulatory ones like “the study is a quantum leap forward in determining…the magnitude of the problem”) while continuing to maintain the pretense of scientific methodology. And here’s the methodology:
When researchers count events that occur at varying degrees of uncertainty, they typically count probabilities rather than discrete cases. For a simple example, consider a drawer of 40 identically shaped red and blue marbles. Imagine trying to count the number of red marbles while wearing a blindfold. This, obviously, is an impossible task. If we knew from previous experience, however, that 25% of the marbles are red, we would count each marble—without seeing its true color—as .25 red. We count each of the 40 marbles in the drawer this way, and sum up the red probabilities to arrive at a red count of 10 marbles. The problem is, there is no scientifically reliable previous experience on which to base the probability that a girl selling sex who looks quite young is, indeed, under 18 years. Therefore, we conducted a separate study to serve as this previous experience.
Like all good con artists, the Schapiro Group begins the scam with a reasonable-sounding proposition. By the authors’ own admission there is no way to objectively know which percentage of whores are under an arbitrary age, so there can be no “previous experience”. In part two tomorrow, I’ll show you the sophistry they designed in order to trick the careless reader into accepting the proposition that WAGs at girls’ ages are actually “scientific evidence”. In the meantime, take a look at the article and see how many flaws you can find in it; to list all of them would take a whole week of this blog!
An ex-girlfriend of mine blackmailed a guy she dated before me this way. She told him she was 18 although she was only 16 while he was 25. She turned out to be a psycho, and he tried to get rid of her. She then threatened to file charges of sexual harassment against him. Eventually he managed to get away from her. Knowing nothing about all this, I started dating her. Fortunately for me, I didn’t have the specter of becoming a sex offender hanging over my head, so I managed to get rid of her in a bit less time–although in an ironic twist, I had to file charges against her. Unfortunately states’ laws enable people like her to endanger other people’s freedom for their own ends.
One of the major reasons for supporting minimal laws and high burdens of proof is exactly what you describe. When we as a society allow innocent mistakes to become the basis for serious criminal charges with dire consequences, we allow the unscrupulous, the unbalanced or the just plain evil to use the police as their own personal goon squad and the courts as their own personal vengeance weapon. 🙁
Indeed, the more laws there are, the easier it is to turn innocent mistakes into criminal offenses. Of course, this is a problem in any law system; it’s in principle unavoidable. But the more laws there are, the more such problems one gets.
It’s funny how people end up thinking that the solution to problems is always more laws. This is not a logical conclusion, but it’s certainly a mistake many many people seem ready to make.
Exactly why each & every damn case needs to be considered individually without the all-vilifying black sunglasses of the literal law.
A common (well, somewhat common) male fantasy is being gang-raped by a bunch of high school girls. While a cute fantasy, there are a lot of reasons why men don’t (or at least shouldn’t) want this to happen in reality. One reason is that the man so assaulted might be a criminal after the girls were done with him.*
And of course the Shapiro Group would count him as one of those men with despicable desires. Even in the situation indicated in my footnote.
test
* In most states, he’d be safe from the law if the girls are seniors… unless they’re prodigies, but hey.
Yeah, they used that same marble analogy in their other adolescent study. Basically, they are saying since we have no way of actually “counting” a damn thing, we will use estimates and just call it counting.
Their results hold up only in front of a non-skeptical audience.
They rely heavily on redefinition to achieve their ends. Women are redefined as “children”, prostitution is redefined as “sexual exploitation”, loose estimates are redefined as “counting” and wild-ass guesses are redefined as “estimates”. 🙁
Well, the marble thing is actually legit, and is not that different from the way people estimate e.g. how many defective products to expect from one factory via samples taken from another. (Of course this is not the best method — much better would be to get actual data from the factory one wants to apply the estimation to — but if there is something that makes it impossible to actually sample the products of that factory, this may be the best second option).
In the case of prostitution, what surprises me is that they have to use guessing methods at all. Maggie, tell me: would it really be impossible for a serious research team to simply contact escorts from escort services and ask them to supply age data? Anonymity procedures could be used to guarantee that no one knows the age of any specific girl. Couldn’t even the Schapiro Group do something like that? Or would there be legal problems for researchers? (I don’t see any problem that a human subjects committee in any university would object to if all the study does is ask their ages…)
The marble thing is legit IF one has prior knowledge of the marble color percentage AND those percentages do not vary very much with conditions. Human beings are not as interchangeable as marbles, nor are age estimates as simple as colors. And as we discuss in part two there is no evidence that the two groups of “marbles ” compared came from the same factory or had the same color proportions.
“How to Lie with Statistics” was the title of the first book my business stat class was assigned to read when I was doing my MBA. While the examples given were from the area of commercial marketing, it seems obvious that examples could be given from the alarmist reports of various advocacy groups. Seems like sex trafficking of “children” is now being defined almost as broadly as “bullying” and “sexual harassment”, the better to create crisis hysteria and pull in more donations for the advocacy groups.
As you’ll see in today’s “Part Two”, the Schapiro Group specifically advises its target audience about how to use the report to convince politicians to divert money from real victim aid programs (such as those for AIDS and victims of drunk drivers) to this imaginary problem.
I talked about the redefinition of bullying here and sexual harassment here.
‘the study is a quantum leap forward in determining… the magnitude of the problem’.
As any physicist could tell you, a quantum leap is actually the smallest possible change, so perhaps this statement is somewhat accurate after all.